What Researchers Did
This review synthesized current knowledge regarding the multifaceted roles of oxygen in the development, progression, and treatment of breast cancer.
What They Found
This review found that intratumoral hypoxia, caused by insufficient oxygen, is strongly linked to poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Hypoxia drives metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming, increased angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to traditional antitumor treatments, underscoring the need for novel therapies to overcome oxygen deprivation effects.
Canadian Relevance
This study has no direct Canadian connection.
Study Limitations
As a review article, this study synthesizes existing literature and does not present new experimental data or clinical trial results.