Systematic Review Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology 2024

Intervention modalities for brain fog caused by long-COVID: systematic review of the literature.

Gorenshtein A, Liba T, Leibovitch L, Stern S, Stern Y — Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2024

View Original on PubMed PMID 38695969

Tier 2, Indexed

Automatically imported from PubMed based on relevance criteria.

Summary

What Researchers Did

Researchers conducted a systematic review of 17 studies to evaluate various intervention modalities for brain fog experienced by adults with long-COVID.

What They Found

Among the 17 studies, six on noninvasive brain stimulation consistently showed improved cognitive ability, and three on hyperbaric oxygen therapy demonstrated improvements in cognitive assessment tests and brain perfusion.

Additionally, two studies indicated that Palmitoylethanolamide and Luteolin (PEA-LUT) improved cognitive impairment.

Canadian Relevance

This systematic review did not include any studies with a specific Canadian connection.

Study Limitations

A limitation of this review is the diverse approaches and varied outcomes across the included rehabilitation studies, which may affect the generalizability of findings.

This plain-language summary is generated with AI assistance and checked against the source abstract before publication. See our editorial policy.

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Study Details

Study Type	Systematic Review
Category	Neurological
Source	Pubmed
PubMed ID	38695969
Year Published	2024
Journal	Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
MeSH Terms	Humans; Brain; Cognitive Dysfunction; COVID-19; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome; SARS-CoV-2; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Mental Fatigue

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Last reviewed: April 2, 2026 | Reviewed by: Canada Hyperbarics Editorial Team | Editorial process | Research sources | Counts & methodology